The tour guide held up a 1901 photo that was instantly recognizable but nonetheless befuddling. Surely that was the Hotel Del Coronado in the distance, the Southern California landmark with its unmistakable Victorian cupolas rising above the Pacific shore.

But in the foreground, where Coronado's 15-story condominium towers now cast a shadow toward the Hotel Del's red-roofed whimsy, the grainy picture showed something different: Tent City.

For $4.50 per week, the oceanfront view came with all the basics a vacationer needed: canvas roof and walls, bed, dresser, washbasin and flush toilets. Never mind that the sewer drained right offshore.

And never mind the Hotel Del and its guest list of the rich and famous. For the vacationing masses -- more than 10,000 guests a year at its peak -- Tent City defined the Coronado experience from 1900 to 1939. Before the town welcomed the likes of Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz author L. Frank Baum, this emerald city looked a lot like sixth-grade camp.

My education on Coronado's past began with a walking tour. With the help of an entertaining guide and some historic photos, the town's story came into sharper focus. It's a tale of entrepreneurs seeking riches and a construction crew so intent on building the West's most magnificent resort in record time that they didn't bother with blueprints.

I arrived on a Friday night with sketchy plans of my own, lured by a good deal at the Coronado Island Marriott Resort. I checked in late, just in time for a full night's rest. That proved important, because the next day started with my sole planned activity, a tour de force led by one Nancy Cobb.

Cobb leads a 90-minute walking tour of Coronado at 11 a.m. Tuesdays and Saturdays. On Thursdays, a colleague gives the same tour, which begins at the 100-room Glorietta Bay Inn, the former mansion of John D. Spreckels, son of sugar baron Claus Spreckels.

The chatty Cobb blitzed through 460 years of Coronado history for me and nine others, starting with the day Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo anchored in San Diego Bay in 1542 and ending with her commentary on the recently completed $55 million restoration of the Hotel Del. In between, we heard some fact, some fiction and a whole lot of gossip.

Once a wedding gift

Long before connecting swampland was filled in, Coronado was actually part of two islands owned by Josefa Bandini and Don Pedro Carrillo, who were granted the land in 1846 as a wedding gift from Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor of California. The happy couple did what many sensible newlyweds do with useless gifts: They exchanged it. Bezer Simmons, a ship captain, got the islands, and the couple received $1,000.

Years and owners passed, as did experiments in growing wheat and establishing a whaling station. But with no fresh water and little rain, the land held few prospects.

Then the dreamers arrived. In 1885, telephone executive Elisha Babcock Jr. and piano company founder Hampton Story bought the land with partners for $110,000, certain they could turn barren soil into Shangri-La: tracts of homes and a luxury hotel, all blessed with breezes and sunshine.

At this point, the island still had no name, so local newspapers held a reader contest. Babcock and Story chose Coronado, from the Spanish meaning "the crowned one," because their resort was to be king of the West. The owners then turned their attention to the jewel in their crown, the Hotel Del.

Near the hotel site, a planing mill and ironworks were built quickly, as was a kiln that turned out 150,000 bricks a day, by one estimate. A 3,000-foot pipeline under the bay brought fresh water from San Diego. So much lumber was being floated on rafts from San Francisco and the Pacific Northwest that smoking was banned.

Eleven months after construction began, the Hotel Del welcomed its first guests.

Building a first-class hotel from the ground up -- as well as homes, streets, a ferry landing and recreation facilities -- drove the project deeply into the red. When the finances went sour, sugar heir John Spreckels stepped in.

In 1889, a year after the hotel opened, Spreckels and his brothers bought a controlling interest in Babcock and Story's company. They spruced up the hotel, dredged a proper ferry landing and built a racetrack, an ostrich farm and a labyrinth for guests.

Camp Coronado, later known as Tent City, followed. Tents offered modern conveniences such as electricity, provided by the hotel's mammoth generator. Japanese gardens, a public library, a band pavilion, tennis courts, a Ferris wheel and a children's carousel (today turning in San Diego's Balboa Park) kept the masses entertained. But 39 years after opening, Tent City closed, a victim of shifting tastes.

On our tour, we followed Cobb from the old Spreckels mansion to the Hotel Del. Through monolithic picture windows, we could see the vast Crown-Coronet dining room, the sugar-pine ceiling held up with neither pillars nor nails (strictly tongue-and-groove joints) and lighted with chandeliers shaped like kings' crowns.

Oz books written

We walked past the hotel's Prince of Wales restaurant and the expansive Windsor Lawn, then marched on along Ocean Boulevard, where the Del was renovating two cottages on the beach into guest rooms. The eight units, next to the beach house where Marilyn Monroe stayed during the filming of Some Like It Hot, have since opened with peak weekend rates starting at $1,650 per night.

We reached the nondescript house where Baum spent his winters, partying at the Hotel Del by night and crafting the adventures of Dorothy and Toto by day. (In all, he wrote six Oz books here.)

By then, Cobb's yellow brick road had come to an end. A couple of blocks away, I found more history at the Coronado Historical Society's Museum of History and Art, open daily (www.coronadohistory.org).

The space is a jewel box of artifacts documenting Coronado since its diamond-in-the-rough days: early maps detailing Babcock and Story's dream; 1927 newspaper clippings reporting Charles Lindbergh's departure from Coronado to New York, where he continued on to Paris on his historic trans-Atlantic flight; and a photo of President Nixon in 1970, when he held the first state dinner outside the White House for Mexican President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz at the Hotel Del.

My dinner that night at Chez Loma, a converted 1889 home near the museum, was stately, too: Normandy onion soup, baked with a layer of Gruyere; boeuf bourguignon, burgundy-braised sirloin and mushrooms over pasta; and for dessert, creme caramel.

Sunday morning, I explored the Marriott resort, a low-slung complex of nicely furnished rooms set amid gardens and ponds. (Nightly rates at the time of my visit started at $139 plus tax; weekend rates this spring and summer start at $229.) The gentle splash of fountains was the only noticeable sound in a remarkably quiet complex.

After a workout and massage at the hotel spa, the rest of the afternoon was crammed with Coronado attractions: a ferry ride across the bay to San Diego and back; a walk past the shops on the main drag, Orange Avenue; a drive along Silver Strand State Beach, the slender strip connecting Coronado to south San Diego.

The highlight, though, was at the Hotel Del, where I had lunch on the rear terrace with two San Diego friends.

The menu at the hotel's Sheerwater restaurant consisted of crab cakes, a chicken wrap with roasted peppers and asadero cheese, and crispy taro with wok-seared vegetables, all matched with a view of sand, surf and sky.

With a table overlooking the Windsor Lawn, it was easy to feel like royalty. And by the time we were ready to leave, Babcock and Story's dream didn't seem so far-fetched.

Craig Nakano is a reporter for the Los Angeles Times, a Tribune Publishing newspaper.

When you go

Getting there: Several airlines offer connecting flights from BWI to San Diego. From there, it's a short drive -- about 8 miles -- to Coronado. Take Interstate 5 south to Route 75, and follow across the bridge to Coronado.

Lodging:

Hotel Del Coronado, 1500 Orange Ave., Coronado, Calif. 92118-2986

619-435-6611

www.hoteldel.com

* National Historic Landmark with 680 rooms, ocean views, fine dining and plenty of ambience. Rates from $265.

Coronado Island Marriott Resort, 2000 Second St., Coronado, Calif. 92118

619-435-3000

www.marriott.com

* Sixteen-acre waterfront complex with European elegance and spa services. Rates from $229.

Activities: Nancy Cobb's 90-minute walking tours of Coronado cost $8 and leave from the Glorietta Bay Inn at 11 a.m. Tuesdays and Saturdays. On Thursdays, a colleague gives the same tour. For reservations, call 619-435-5993.

For more information about lodging, dining and activities in Coronado and San Diego, try these Web sites:

* Coronado Visitors Bureau: www.coronadovisitors.com

* San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau: www.sandiego.org