For the tail end of Dental Health Month, we at Picture of Health decided to put common oral health questions to 5 experts from the University of Maryland Dental School. Today is Day 5 and the subject is gingivitis.
Question: What are the causes of gingivitis and what are the best ways to take care of it?
Answer: Dr. Mark A. Reynolds, professor and director of postdoctoral periodontics in the department of periodontics, says:
Gingivitis is a mild form of periodontal (gum) disease commonly resulting from the formation dental plaque on the teeth.
Inadequate oral hygiene contributes to the formation of plaque deposits containing large numbers of bacteria, which causes inflammation (redness and swelling) of the gums. Bacteria release toxins that intensify the local infection and further irritate the gums.
Gingivitis may cause the gums to become tender or bleed easily when brushing or flossing, which is sometimes seen as redness or pinkness on the toothbrush or floss. Plaque forms continuously on the teeth and should be removed daily to minimize the risk gingivitis developing into more serious, destructive forms of periodontal disease, leading to tooth loss.
Plaque deposits over time can become calcified and hard, forming calculus or tartar, which is resistant to removal by normal home care. Calculus is rough, making it easier for plaque deposits to form and more difficult to remove and control the infection.
Other factors can also increase the risk of periodontal diseases, such as smoking, diabetes, dry mouth and poor nutrition. Similar to other infections, chronic gum disease can affect overall health. Regular professional checkups and daily oral hygiene are essential for the complete removal of bacterial plaque and calculus, especially deposits forming below the gum line, and to minimize the risk of developing periodontal disease.
See more Dental Week questions here.