22 Grover Cleveland

March 8, 1837 -June 24, 1908

State: New York

Religion: Presbyterian

Marriage: Frances Folsom

Military service: None. He was drafted during the Civil War, but purchased a substitute.

Party: Democrat

Terms: March 4, 1885 - March 3, 1889; March 4, 1893 - March 3, 1897

Vice presidents: First term, Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who died (vacant 1885-89); second term, Adlai Ewing Stevenson

First presidency: It was during this administration, in 1886, that presidential succession became defined to include the Cabinet. Cleveland vetoed hundreds of military pension bills as unwarranted drains on the Treasury even though they were popular in Congress because of the number of Civil War veterans.

Second presidency: Cleveland dealt with the worst U.S. depression up to that time. During the Great Panic of 1893, banks closed, railroads went bankrupt, railway workers went on strike and many farm mortgages were foreclosed. Cleveland stood by the gold standard against sharp opposition from William Jennings Bryan in Congress.

Did you know? His first name at birth was Stephen. As sheriff in Buffalo, Cleveland carried out the execution of two criminals.